PANELS

Each individual's genetic makeup is different, which causes drug responses to vary from person to person. Pharmacogenetics takes these genetic differences into account and allows individuals to choose the most appropriate drugs and doses. For example, the same drug may be effective in one person, but may cause side effects or be ineffective in another person. Pharmacogenetic tests can predict such differences and optimize treatment. In this way, it is possible to protect against drug toxicity, reduce drug side effects, increase drug effectiveness, patient compliance with treatment, and treatment success, and reduce treatment costs. Polymorphisms in genes associated with drug metabolism determine how individuals metabolize, transport, and respond to the effects of drugs. Genetic polymorphisms divide individuals into different metabolizer categories: Ultrarapid Metabolizer (UM): Metabolizes very quickly, which may cause some drugs to be less effective. Extensive Metabolizer (EM): Metabolizes at a normal rate. Intermediate Metabolizer (IM): Metabolizes at a medium rate. Poor Metabolizer (PM): Metabolizes slowly, which can cause the drug to accumulate in the body and cause side effects.