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Nutrition is vital for maintaining general health and preventing diseases. Healthy nutrition includes taking all the nutrients the body needs in an adequate and balanced manner. A healthy diet should be personal. In order to eat healthy, it is necessary to know our body's needs and sensitivities. Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic tests are the most accurate methods that will show us which nutritional supplements (such as choline, beta glucan, phytosterols) our metabolic functioning needs more and which foods (such as lactose, caffeine, gluten) we should avoid.

Vitamins are organic compounds that are vital for the normal functioning of the body. Each vitamin has different functions and has various effects on general health. While vitamin A has important effects on eye health, vitamin D on bone health, and vitamin C on skin health, all three vitamins also play a very important role on the immune system. The body's vitamin needs may vary from person to person. Considering the status of the genes that determine this need and play a role in the functioning of vitamins, it is possible to use healthier and harmless vitamin supplements with a personalized approach.

Liver detoxification is the process by which the liver metabolizes or eliminates harmful substances, making them less harmful to the body. Proper functioning of the detoxification mechanism is vital for our general health. A malfunctioning detox system can negatively affect liver, bile and heart health and increase the risk of cancer. The status of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in liver detoxification also determines the activity of these enzymes. Thanks to the determination of phenotype on genotype, nutritional and vitamin supplements that will support liver detoxification, also foods and chemicals that should be avoided can be determined.

Intestinal microbiota or gut microbiome is the sum of microorganisms found in the digestive system, especially the large intestine. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microscopic organisms. The intestinal microbiota helps digestion and absorption of nutrients, removal of toxins, production of some vitamins necessary for the body, and the proper functioning of the immune system and central nervous system. Just as the intestinal microbiota is affected by the nutrients consumed and other environmental factors, genetic factors also have a significant impact on the microbiome.

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that enable nerve transmission between nerve cells. This conduction process plays a critical role in communication and regulation of the nervous system. It is important for neurotransmitters to be balanced and at appropriate levels to protect mental health and ensure emotional well-being. The status of the genes encoding neurotransmitters determines the concentration and activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, which are important for our mental health. Epigenetic/nutrigenetic approaches developed according to our genetic predispositions will play an important role in protecting our mental health.

Autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes, and Lupus disease are conditions in which the body's own tissues are targeted by the immune system. Genetic predispositions and environmental factors (such as infections, smoking, stress) play a role together in the development of autoimmune diseases. Changes in genes that play a role in regulating immune system cells or controlling immune responses may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. For example, IL-17, TNFA and CTLA4 genes have been associated with some autoimmune diseases.

Metabolic syndrome describes systemic disorders that begin with insulin resistance, progress to obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus, and may include cholesterol disorders, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Obesity, which is rapidly increasing all over the world, is the most important cause of metabolic syndrome. Although obesity and insulin resistance are mostly associated with environmental factors (diet and lifestyle), important genetic factors are known that increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Elucidating genetic risk factors in individuals helps epigenetic/nutrigenetic approaches to prevent diabetes.

Carbohydrates and fats have important roles such as providing energy to the body, supporting cell structure, and helping cells function properly. Carbohydrates and fats are an important part of a healthy nutrition program when consumed in a balanced manner and in appropriate amounts. However, when consumed excessively, they can cause health problems such as obesity. Some variants in genes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism affect individuals' response to carbohydrates and fat. Programming the intake of fat and carbohydrates in individuals' diets according to their genetic predispositions helps protect them from obesity, diabetes, liver and heart diseases.

Excess weight and obesity are the most important risk factors for common chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart diseases and fatty liver disease. Obesity can also lead to health problems such as sleep apnea syndrome, joint disorders, gallstones, infertility, and may increase the risk of cancer. Although the most important cause of obesity is nutrition and lifestyle, there are also well-defined genetic risk factors. Some variants in the FTO, MC4R, LEP and LEPR genes are associated with weight gain and obesity risk. However, these genetic risks can be corrected with appropriate epigenetic interventions.

There are many genetic and environmental factors that play a role in women's health and fertility. These factors are situations where genetic and environmental factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, folate metabolism and gluten sensitivity are intertwined. The most important role in women's health and fertility belongs to estrogen. Estrogen enables the ovarian follicles to grow and mature and the uterus to become ready for pregnancy. It also has an effect on bone, heart and mental health. Normal estrogen levels are critical for maintaining a regular, healthy menstrual cycle, successful pregnancy, and overall women's health.

Sports and exercise have protective and healing effects on our health. Regular exercise positively affects heart and mental health, weight control, bone and muscle mass, sleep quality, strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of cancer. However, if sports and exercise are not done correctly, they may not show the expected benefits and may also lead to disabilities and injuries. Performing exercises appropriate to one's genetic predispositions helps to obtain the desired health benefits. For those who want to engage in sports professionally, engaging in a sports branch that suits their genetic predisposition is vital for a successful and healthy career.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in childhood and affects a person's thinking, perception, problem solving and social interaction abilities. Although the cause of ASD is not fully known, the interaction of genetic, environmental and neurodevelopmental factors is thought to play a role. Autism treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and a customized treatment plan should be created according to the individual's needs. In order to support the neurological and physical development of children diagnosed with ASD, it is necessary to first regulate their environmental exposure. In this respect, a healthy and balanced diet is important. A nutrition program tailored to personal risks, predispositions and needs will support the main treatments for ASD.

The methylation cycle involves the transfer of the methyl group from one molecule to another and methylation occurs in DNA, RNA, proteins and other biological molecules. The methylation cycle is critical for the differentiation, development, and adaptation of cells to environmental changes. A number of vitamins and minerals are required for the healthy functioning of the methylation cycle. Among these, Folate, vitamins B12 and B6, Zinc, Choline are particularly important. The activity status of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the methylation cycle is the main indicator of the need for the vitamins and minerals in question.

Genetic-based nutrition aims to personalize nutritional recommendations by taking into account the different genetic variations in a person's DNA. For example, one person's body may differ from others in how it processes or metabolizes a nutrient. Therefore, genetic nutrition adapts a person's eating habits and diet by taking these genetic differences into account. This approach helps a person lose weight more effectively, increase energy levels, improve metabolic health, and become more resistant to certain diseases.

Supplements based on genetics refer to dietary supplements that are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup or variations in their genes. The concept behind these supplements is to provide nutrients that address specific genetic predispositions or metabolic pathways unique to an individual. The idea is that certain genetic variations may affect how efficiently a person processes or absorbs certain nutrients. For example, some people may have genetic variations that affect their ability to metabolize folate or vitamin D efficiently. By understanding these genetic factors, personalized supplements can be formulated to address any potential deficiencies or inefficiencies.

Autoimmune thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid gland by attacking its own tissues. Autoimmune thyroiditis causes the thyroid gland to become inflamed and damaged, causing it to lose function. While hyperthyroidism initially occurs due to rapid depletion of thyroid stores, hypothyroidism occurs over time. As with other autoimmune diseases, the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with genes such as IL-17 and TNFA, which play a role in the inflammatory pathway. In addition, genes involved in the methylation cycle and liver detoxification in relation to environmental factors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Sleep is the basic element of a healthy life. A healthy sleep helps cell regeneration, tissue repair, strengthening the immune system and regulating metabolism. Quality sleep improves mental functions, ability to focus and cognitive performance. Insufficient sleep can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. A healthy and quality sleep can be achieved with the harmony of many genetic and environmental factors. Factors that determine sleep hygiene, such as a person's genetic chronotype, sensitivity to external stimuli, caffeine metabolism, and melatonin level, are genetically based. Harmonizing lifestyle with genetic predispositions increases sleep quality and benefits from sleep.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. These diseases usually cause problems with blood circulation and deterioration in heart functions. The most common CVDs are hypertension, coronary artery disease, and thromboembolic events. Lipid disorders are also one of the most important risk factors for heart diseases. While smoking, alcohol, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and excess weight play important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases, many genetic factors have also been identified in relation to these diseases.